For how we live.
In 53 patients, oral fluconazole — but not a mouth-only antifungal — cut gut Candida and coincided with improved disease activity. The study was observational, brief and unblinded.
A network meta-analysis found route of delivery decides everything, and that autologous transplant ranked below placebo. In IBS, 13 trials produced very low certainty of any effect.
Twelve studies in 1,158 IBS patients found gut-directed hypnotherapy improved symptoms, with the firmest results in high-volume and group delivery. The microbiome route is weaker.
Farm-raised children really are protected from asthma, and the mechanism has been traced to microbial exposure and innate immunity. What has not been shown is that household hygiene caused the allergy epidemic.
It found rising microbiome diversity and falling inflammatory markers in the fermented-food arm — and no change in its own primary outcome in the high-fibre arm it was compared against.
US government metrologists sent one homogenised faecal standard to seven consumer testing services. Species counts came back ranging from 20 to 1,701 for the same material.
A systematic review in Cell called that rate implausible and said it overstates the gut microbiome's role in human disease. A separate audit found the statistical tools themselves disagree.
A sham-controlled trial found FMT shifted bacterial composition but cleared drug-resistant organisms no better than a saline placebo. A second trial shows what a defined replacement product can and cannot yet prove.