For how we live.
In 53 patients, oral fluconazole — but not a mouth-only antifungal — cut gut Candida and coincided with improved disease activity. The study was observational, brief and unblinded.
A Lancet series covering 135 million person-years found the largest risk reductions in that range. Trials of isolated fibre supplements produce much smaller effects on much narrower outcomes.
A review in Gut says no intestinal disease can be cured by normalising barrier function, and that it is unproven whether restoring the barrier improves any clinical outcome at all.
A joint AGA and ACG guideline graded ten treatments for chronic constipation. The cheap osmotic laxative and the newest secretagogues sit in the same recommendation tier.
A Nurses' Health Study II analysis estimated 37% of incident reflux symptoms were attributable to five modifiable factors. Body weight was the largest single one, at 19%.
Bloating and visible distension are different problems with different mechanisms. The 2025 ESNM/UEG consensus found visceral hypersensitivity, not gas volume, doing most of the work.
The American College of Gastroenterology suggests a positive diagnostic strategy over a diagnosis of exclusion, with two blood and stool tests doing most of the ruling-out that is actually warranted.