For how we live.
In the phase 2 KRAKEN trial, muvalaplin lowered lipoprotein(a) by 47.6% to 85.8% over 12 weeks on an intact-particle assay. Eli Lilly funded it, and the trial was not built to measure heart attacks or strokes.
In the phase 3 LIBerate-HR trial, lerodalcibep lowered LDL cholesterol 56.2% more than placebo at 52 weeks on top of statins. It won approval in 2026; no outcome trial has yet reported.
Garlic supplements modestly lower blood pressure in hypertensive people, and may nudge cholesterol down a little. The cold-prevention evidence rests on a single trial, and no study shows garlic prevents heart attacks.
In the investigator-led CAVIAR trial, adding the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab to a statin after heart transplant more than halved LDL cholesterol but did not slow coronary plaque growth at one year.
Pooling 58 randomised trials, about 3.5g a day of oat beta-glucan lowered LDL cholesterol by 0.19 mmol/L. A separate meta-analysis of 28 trials found 0.25 mmol/L. Small per person, but consistent.
Two meta-analyses of dozens of randomised trials agree that about 3 grams a day of oat beta-glucan lowers LDL cholesterol by a small, real amount. The effect is genuine, modest, and dose-dependent.
It is not a routine test for everyone — the USPSTF finds the evidence insufficient. Cardiology guidelines back it for one group: intermediate-risk adults weighing whether to start a statin.
A 2024 trial randomised heart-risk patients to a dozen eggs a week or almost none. Over four months, blood cholesterol barely moved — echoing an earlier year-long trial in people with diabetes.
Honey and table sugar are both free sugars with almost identical calories. Trials hint at small metabolic differences in honey's favour, but the certainty is low and honey is still added sugar to be limited.
Obicetrapib cut Lp(a) by 37% in high-risk patients, a pooled analysis finds, alongside a similar drop in LDL. It reaches a lipid the costly new injectables target, if far less deeply.
A randomised trial found the Portfolio diet cut LDL cholesterol by about 13%, and a large cohort study links closer adherence to lower cardiovascular risk. Its authors' industry funding belongs in the record.
A twins trial found a vegan diet lowered LDL cholesterol, insulin and weight in eight weeks. The same pattern comes with real gaps — vitamin B12 must be supplemented, and iron stores tend to run lower.
Marketed as a natural weight-loss drug, berberine rests on small, mostly low-quality trials showing modest effects on blood sugar and cholesterol — with no weight-loss evidence to match the hype.
Head-to-head randomised trials find low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets produce similar weight loss over a year or two. The differences that survive are in blood lipids and glycemic control, not the scale.
In the Novartis-funded VICTORION-Challenge trial, twice-yearly inclisiran cut LDL 56.3% at day 150 against 15.4% for daily bempedoic acid — an open-label comparison of a surrogate marker, not outcomes.
Pooling 32 trials, researchers found milk, whey, casein, and soy protein lowered LDL and total cholesterol slightly — but the effect shrank once weaker studies were excluded.
One found PFAS mixtures associated with lower kidney filtration, with blood lipids mediating much of it. The other found the lipid association weaker in people with healthier habits.
Genetic and trial evidence establishes LDL as causal for atherosclerosis. The same kinds of evidence, applied to HDL, found that raising it does not lower heart attack risk.
A pooled analysis of 1.72 million people found no link between an egg a day and cardiovascular disease. A pooled analysis of six US cohorts found one. A randomised trial in 140 high-risk adults found neither.
In the phase 3 CORALreef AddOn head-to-head, enlicitide dropped LDL cholesterol 64.6% at day 56 — far past ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, or the two combined.
Lipfendra cut LDL cholesterol by more than half in two trials. Its significance is less the number than the format: a once-daily tablet where every prior PCSK9 inhibitor required a needle.
Thirty-five people received VERVE-102 in a phase 1 trial. The edit is permanent, the follow-up is short, and the endpoint measured was cholesterol, not heart attacks.
In an industry-funded, open-label trial of 3,048 patients with heart disease, targeting LDL below 55 rather than 70 mg/dL lowered a composite of cardiovascular events over three years.
The trial's own primary outcome — inflammation — was flat. What the new analysis adds is a molecular account of why the fat loss did not translate into the benefits fasting is sold on.