For how we live.
A Swiss study tracking people who switched to remote work found no measurable change across 13 health outcomes. A review of pandemic homeworking found the relationship varies so much that no consensus emerged.
WHO and ILO estimate about 17% of workers face hazardous noise. Their review of whether it causes heart disease found only low-certainty signals — one for heart-attack incidence, little for stroke or blood pressure.
Leisure exercise reliably protects the heart. Physical activity done for a living shows mixed or even adverse associations — and some meta-analyses find higher mortality in men with the most physically demanding jobs.
WHO's ICD-11 lists burn-out, yet places it among reasons people contact health services, not among illnesses. It is defined strictly as a workplace phenomenon, which shapes who should be assessing it and how.
A Cochrane review found sit-stand desks reliably reduce workplace sitting, but graded the evidence low quality and could not tie it to better health. WHO backs cutting sedentary time but set no number.