For how we live.
Frailty has firm diagnostic criteria and predicts falls, hospital stays and death. It is also, unusually, treatable: resistance training raised muscle strength 113% even in nursing-home residents in their late 80s.
A transcriptomic sub-study of the CALERIE calorie-restriction trial links 151 genes to preserved leg strength during weight loss, independent of how much body mass was lost.
The training and creatine at its core rest on strong evidence. The supplement stack around them mostly doesn't — and the SARMs some users add are frequently not even the drug on the label.
In half a million people, weaker grip tracked with higher mortality — a strong marker. But it reads out whole-body strength and health, not a number you move by training your hands.
A large trial in adults up to 89 found structured activity cut the risk of losing the ability to walk. In frail nursing-home residents near 90, strength training more than doubled muscle strength.
Sarcopenia got a formal definition and diagnostic cut-offs. The clinical guidelines that followed back resistance exercise strongly — and are far more cautious about protein powders, vitamin D and drugs.