For how we live.
In people with healthy kidneys, trials find high-protein diets do not worsen kidney function. The picture changes for those who already have reduced function, where animal protein may speed decline.
A meta-analysis of 26 trials found creatine raises serum creatinine without markers of kidney injury. Weeks earlier, a Nature Communications paper reported that supplementation promoted metastasis in mice.
One found PFAS mixtures associated with lower kidney filtration, with blood lipids mediating much of it. The other found the lipid association weaker in people with healthier habits.
Final ALIGN results show the endothelin blocker preserved kidney function over 2.5 years in a rare kidney disease, yet the difference at week 136 just missed statistical significance (p=0.057).
PRoMPT BOLUS, a 9041-child trial across 47 emergency departments, found kidney-injury events at 30 days in 3.4% on balanced fluid and 3.0% on saline (P=0.85) — no meaningful difference.
A meta-analysis of eleven depression trials found an average effect below the threshold for clinical importance, with signs of bias favouring creatine. A separate review found no change in kidney filtration.