For how we live.
The LEAP trial found that feeding peanut to high-risk babies from infancy cut peanut allergy at age five from 13.7% to 1.9%. A follow-up showed the protection held — but high-risk infants should be assessed first.
Bringing up milk is normal in healthy babies: it peaks around four months and usually fades by the first birthday. Most infants need no medicine, and the evidence for acid-suppressing drugs in simple reflux is weak.
Milk is a useful source of calcium, protein and vitamin D for young children, but too much crowds out iron-rich food and can cause deficiency. Around two cups a day suits most toddlers.
Colic is intense crying in a healthy, well-fed baby that peaks in the first six weeks and eases by three months. Most remedies do little; the best evidence is modest and mainly for breastfed infants.
The main randomised trial found babies who fed themselves were no slimmer, no more iron-deficient and no more likely to choke than spoon-fed babies — provided parents were coached to offer safe, iron-rich foods.
A large randomised promotion trial and sibling studies find some real benefits in infancy — fewer gut infections, less eczema — but the sweeping long-term advantages shrink once confounding is accounted for.
The LEAP trial cut peanut allergy in high-risk infants from 13.7% to 1.9%. A second trial found the benefit real but harder to achieve — and only in children who actually ate the food.
The LEAP trial reversed a generation of avoidance advice. A second trial run in the general population missed its primary endpoint, and the distance between those two results is the part usually left out.