For how we live.
An interrupted time-series study of 32.9 million births estimated roughly 2,300 more preterm births to Latina women than expected in the nine months after November 2016. It is an association, not proof of cause.
Of 12,441 people registered in US health care settings in 2020, 41.9% were aged 18 to 29. Their turnout rose from 61.0% in 2016 to 79.8% in 2020 — but this is a descriptive comparison, not a controlled trial.
A US survey and a Finnish register study agree that health shapes turnout, but not in one direction: diabetes was linked to higher voting, dementia to markedly lower. Both are associations, not proof.
The beliefs — that Black patients' skin is thicker, their nerve endings less sensitive — predicted lower pain ratings and less accurate treatment recommendations for a Black patient in the same experiment.
A 327-person survey of economically distressed Eastern Kentucky counties found insomnia prevalence ranged from 44% to 83% depending on income alone.
In a US cohort followed eight years, average weekday sleep rose from 8.1 to 8.3 hours while reports of fatigue and trouble sleeping increased. The socioeconomic gap in duration closed; the gap in symptoms did not.
In a US cohort wearing wrist actigraphs, self-reported sleep exceeded measured sleep by about half an hour, with the gap largest on weekends and among Black adolescents and those from lower-income households.