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A 411,000-patient claims study found adults on GLP-1 drugs who started oxycodone had more severe constipation and bowel obstruction at 30 days than those starting hydrocodone or tramadol.
An updated Annals review now covers 38 randomised trials and 25,816 people. Tirzepatide leads the marketed drugs at 19.0% placebo-subtracted weight loss; the experimental multiagonists run higher.
A Lancet review triangulates the evidence linking adiposity to multisystem disease and finds robust trial support in a short list — while an expert panel argues the drugs must be lifelong.
A study estimated semaglutide's class could be produced for under $75 a month; it lists near $1,000. The gap is patent protection, and in the US it runs to 2032.
Matched against DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 users had slightly more diabetic retinopathy and more retinopathy procedures. Vision impairment and blindness did not differ — and the coding for those is poor.
A 1.5-million-person records study reports lower mortality with GLP-1 drugs than with SGLT2 inhibitors, and the largest absolute gains in people with serious mental illness. The design cannot prove it.
PBAC recommended subsidized listing in November 2025 for adults with obesity and a history of heart attack or stroke. Price negotiations with Novo Nordisk had not concluded.
Pooled randomised data show incretin drugs shed lean mass in about the same proportion as lifestyle weight loss. The evidence gap is people who train seriously, and it has not been filled.
Tirzepatide has been approved for obstructive sleep apnea since December 2024. A January 2026 reanalysis of the trial behind that approval separates what weight loss fixed from what treating the breathing fixed.
Orforglipron removes the injection from weight-loss medicine — a real change for people who refused one. Supply, cost, and coverage are the harder problems it does not solve.
In February, FDA said it intended to act against compounded GLP-1 supply without saying how. The answer arrived in May: exclude semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide from the list.
Pooling under 11,000 pregnancies, a meta-analysis found no statistically significant association either way, with the three underlying studies disagreeing on which direction the risk even points.
Four separate trial emulations, each with a different comparator, all pointed the same direction. The strongest effect appeared among people being treated for alcohol use disorder.
A review lays out the evidence chain: animal studies showing reduced drug-seeking, one small human trial, and record-based analyses linking GLP-1 prescriptions to 40% fewer opioid overdoses.
Tirzepatide and semaglutide showed comparable psychiatric risk profiles against each other over two years. Against earlier GLP-1 drugs, semaglutide came out ahead on all three measures.
Gastric bypass patients lost roughly 28% of body weight at three years, against 7-11% for tirzepatide or semaglutide — even among patients who stayed on the drugs continuously for at least a year.
Lilly's oral GLP-1 pill actually lowered liver enzymes on average, and its rate of serious liver-injury criteria matched placebo exactly — six cases in each group, none attributable to the drug.
Pooling 2,906 participants, researchers ranked how antidiabetic drugs affect fat versus lean body mass. Exercise blunted liraglutide's muscle loss; metformin, insulin, and DPP4 inhibitors barely moved either measure.
SYNCHRONIZE-MASLD reports 84.2% of survodutide patients hitting a 30% cut in liver fat at 48 weeks. The trial measured fat on MRI, not fibrosis on biopsy — which is where the harder question still sits.
The association held across most demographic subgroups, but not among Black patients, a gap the study doesn't explain. Two-year follow-up limits what it can say about longer-term risk.
A five-year FAERS analysis found both semaglutide and tirzepatide carry disproportionate ketoacidosis signals in people without diabetes, with roughly three-quarters of reported cases requiring hospitalization.
ATTAIN-MAINTAIN tested orforglipron as a maintenance therapy for people who'd already lost weight on tirzepatide or semaglutide. Those on placebo regained roughly half of what the pill preserved.
Semaglutide showed a sixfold reporting signal for polycystic ovary syndrome and a smaller but real alopecia signal. Dulaglutide and tirzepatide showed lower or no signal for the same reproductive events.
No study has directly compared injectable tirzepatide with the new high-dose oral semaglutide pill. A statistical technique that adjusts across two separate trials estimates the gap.
Pooling 24 studies out of 133 screened, researchers found hair shedding tied to rapid weight loss more than to the drugs directly — and a pattern that hits women disproportionately.
A single-clinic retrospective study in Istanbul followed patients on all three drugs for 36 weeks. The ranking matches what randomized trials have shown — with liraglutide the least tolerated of the three.
A 230-patient survey from one US diabetes center found symptomatic hypoglycemia more than twice as common with adjunctive tirzepatide as with semaglutide, though GI side effects were similar between the two.
Compared with a diabetes drug from another class, GLP-1 agonists were followed by fewer new diagnoses of alcohol, opioid, nicotine and other substance use disorders.
Bimagrumab targets fat, not appetite. Paired with semaglutide in 507 adults with obesity, the combination out-performed either drug alone at 48 weeks — with its own separate set of side effects.
ACHIEVE-3 randomised 1,698 people to orforglipron or oral semaglutide for 52 weeks. Orforglipron cut HbA1c more at every dose comparison — and produced more side effects and more dropouts.
A 444,000-patient records study found a two-thirds lower rate of endometrial cancer when GLP-1 receptor agonists were added to progestin therapy. The two groups differed by eight years in average age.
The agency announced an intent to restrict GLP-1 active ingredients destined for non-approved compounded drugs, and warned that seizure and injunction are on the table without further notice.
An Oxford meta-analysis of 37 studies puts average regain at 0.4 kg a month across all weight-management drugs, and 0.8 kg a month for semaglutide and tirzepatide. Almost none of the newer-drug data runs past a year.
Matched against a comparator diabetes drug, incretin agonists were associated with an 8% lower rate of CPAP procedures — alongside a 32% lower mortality that should make readers cautious.
FDA cleared oral semaglutide 25 mg on 22 December for chronic weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction. Its self-pay price, not its efficacy, is what may distinguish it.
The ADA's 2026 Standards of Care add guidance on individualising obesity-drug dosing, name two eating patterns for type 2 diabetes prevention, and recommend continuous glucose monitoring from diagnosis.
Semaglutide moved Alzheimer's biomarkers without moving the clinic. A separate liraglutide trial missed its primary endpoint on brain metabolism. Together they close a decade-old hypothesis — or at least narrow it.
The recommendations are conditional, cover three drugs, and come with a projection that fewer than one in ten people who could benefit will have access by 2030.
In ATTAIN-2, the highest dose of the oral GLP-1 pill cut body weight 9.6% over 72 weeks in adults with type 2 diabetes, against 11.2% in the earlier trial of adults without diabetes.
Head-to-head in US insurance data, the two drugs showed comparable cardiovascular outcomes and comparable rates of severe gastrointestinal events in type 2 diabetes. Neither study was a trial.
Two phase 3b trials tested semaglutide 7.2 mg against the approved 2.4 mg dose. The extra weight loss was real but modest, and gastrointestinal side-effects and dysaesthesia rose alongside it.