For how we live.
In 17,685 footballers, borderline ECG findings predicted almost no disease. Across 360 studies of female athletes, screening concentrated on mental health while menstrual and pelvic floor health went largely unasked.
Across 16,893 high school athletes screened over 15 years, 0.36% had T-wave inversions. Four were later found to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the young.
In 230 adults followed a year, lower heart-rate variability and less moderate-to-vigorous activity at baseline were independently linked to developing hypertension. It is a risk signal, in one unreplicated cohort.
A meta-analysis of 26 studies put pooled sensitivity at 95% and specificity at 97%. Samsung and Withings devices performed comparably to Apple — but the numbers come from people already suspected of arrhythmia.
A survey of all 211 FIFA member associations found screening near-universal in South America and rare in Oceania, with youth screening starting anywhere from age 6 to 17.