For how we live.
Progressive resistance and impact training raised bone mineral density in trials, and a landmark study found heavy lifting safe for women with low bone mass. Calcium and vitamin D did not lower fracture risk.
The 2025 USPSTF statement keeps a B recommendation for women 65+ and for higher-risk younger postmenopausal women. The fracture benefit is real but small, and evidence gaps remain.
In the LIFTMOR trial, brief twice-weekly heavy lifting raised spine bone density in postmenopausal women with low bone mass, while a gentle home programme lost ground. A Cochrane review finds a smaller but real effect.
A 2,836-pair analysis of the ECHO cohort found one of four compounds associated with parent-reported sleep problems. A Shanghai study of bone density found opposite directions in girls and boys.
The LIDA trial tested whether romosozumab's bone-building window closes early enough to shorten treatment. It met non-inferiority on hip bone density — at a single centre, with 50 participants, over one year.