For how we live.
An Ontario cohort of 1,035,927 pregnancies found excessive gestational weight gain was linked to more severe maternal morbidity in every BMI category, adjusted rate ratios 1.16 to 1.33 (observational).
Among 93,406 children in Japan's national birth cohort, preterm birth was linked to higher odds of thinness at ages 4 to 6 and persistently lower BMI from 3 to 6, with no sign of catch-up.
In a cluster trial across 11 Massachusetts youth clubs, 437 children aged 8–13 got a six-week behaviour programme. The between-group BMI z-score difference was −0.19 and significant; within-group changes were not.
Guidelines set weight-gain ranges by starting BMI, not a doubled appetite. A large meta-analysis links gaining outside those ranges to worse outcomes at both ends — smaller and larger babies alike.
A BMI over 30 flagged obesity in 19.1% of US men, but measured body fat found it in 43.9%. A 58-expert Lancet commission now says BMI alone should not diagnose obesity in an individual.
A cohort of 5.24 million UK adults linked higher BMI to 17 of 22 cancers — strongly for the uterus, weakly or not at all for others, and inversely for a couple. The pattern is specific, not uniform.
Applying the clinical-versus-preclinical obesity framework to 2,316 surgical patients in four countries found two groups near-identical on BMI and different on almost everything else.
A Swiss cohort was classified by WHO, NIH and EASO criteria at the same time. The share of people with obesity roughly doubled, and the overweight category shrank to fill the gap.
A Qatar Biobank analysis derived local cut-points and found WHO's standard numbers misclassified more than half of men and nearly half of women in the sample.
A 20-point rise in apnea severity tracked with about three times more blood pressure increase in adults with a BMI of 20 than in those with a BMI of 30, flipping a common assumption.
In 3,873 middle-aged adults followed with repeated testing, waist-based categories of overweight and obesity showed larger effect sizes than BMI-based ones. The link to actual decline appeared only in men.
Nearly a million conscripts followed for three decades: obesity carried a 3.1-fold hazard for sepsis, and high cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a 42% lower risk of dying from bacterial infection.