For how we live.
The human intestinal-permeability literature lists endurance exercise, NSAIDs, pregnancy and surfactants as stressors. Coffee is not on that list, and alcohol's case is largely inferred.
A meta-analysis of 27 studies found a dose-response pattern that runs against the nightcap logic: the sedative effect needs a high dose, and the REM disruption starts at a low one.
Across 107 cohort studies and 4.8 million people, the protective effect of moderate drinking disappeared once the comparison group stopped including people who had quit because they were ill.
The two dominant causes of chronic liver disease are alcohol and metabolic fat. For alcohol, cirrhosis risk climbs exponentially with intake — and in women it was already raised at about one drink a day.
The LiverScreen project ran transient elastography across nine countries, then sent everyone who screened positive to a hepatologist. The gap between the two numbers is the interesting part.
Clinicians rated empathy at 4.6 out of 5 and quality of information at 2.7. Every chatbot produced at least one piece of guidance judged inappropriate, overstated or inaccurate.
Brown University researchers pooled 16 studies covering more than 150,000 people. The consistent finding is not detox — it is that most participants are still drinking less months later.