For how we live.
An updated Annals review now covers 38 randomised trials and 25,816 people. Tirzepatide leads the marketed drugs at 19.0% placebo-subtracted weight loss; the experimental multiagonists run higher.
Matched against DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 users had slightly more diabetic retinopathy and more retinopathy procedures. Vision impairment and blindness did not differ — and the coding for those is poor.
Pooled randomised data show incretin drugs shed lean mass in about the same proportion as lifestyle weight loss. The evidence gap is people who train seriously, and it has not been filled.
In February, FDA said it intended to act against compounded GLP-1 supply without saying how. The answer arrived in May: exclude semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide from the list.
Pooling under 11,000 pregnancies, a meta-analysis found no statistically significant association either way, with the three underlying studies disagreeing on which direction the risk even points.
A review lays out the evidence chain: animal studies showing reduced drug-seeking, one small human trial, and record-based analyses linking GLP-1 prescriptions to 40% fewer opioid overdoses.
Tirzepatide topped weight loss at 14.9%. But only subcutaneous semaglutide showed a mortality benefit — and no drug moved the needle on quality of life or kidney failure.
Pooling 2,906 participants, researchers ranked how antidiabetic drugs affect fat versus lean body mass. Exercise blunted liraglutide's muscle loss; metformin, insulin, and DPP4 inhibitors barely moved either measure.
Semaglutide showed a sixfold reporting signal for polycystic ovary syndrome and a smaller but real alopecia signal. Dulaglutide and tirzepatide showed lower or no signal for the same reproductive events.
Pooling 24 studies out of 133 screened, researchers found hair shedding tied to rapid weight loss more than to the drugs directly — and a pattern that hits women disproportionately.
A single-clinic retrospective study in Istanbul followed patients on all three drugs for 36 weeks. The ranking matches what randomized trials have shown — with liraglutide the least tolerated of the three.
A 444,000-patient records study found a two-thirds lower rate of endometrial cancer when GLP-1 receptor agonists were added to progestin therapy. The two groups differed by eight years in average age.
An Oxford meta-analysis of 37 studies puts average regain at 0.4 kg a month across all weight-management drugs, and 0.8 kg a month for semaglutide and tirzepatide. Almost none of the newer-drug data runs past a year.
Semaglutide moved Alzheimer's biomarkers without moving the clinic. A separate liraglutide trial missed its primary endpoint on brain metabolism. Together they close a decade-old hypothesis — or at least narrow it.
The recommendations are conditional, cover three drugs, and come with a projection that fewer than one in ten people who could benefit will have access by 2030.